精益制造-价值与浪费

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关键问题

本模块回答了以下关键问题：

什么是价值？
价值代表客户的需求。

什么是浪费?
浪费是指消耗资源而不增加产品或服务价值的任何事物或任何活动。

什么是增值活动?
增值活动是指有助于提高产品或服务质量的活动，客户愿意为其付费并增加产品的感知价值。

什么是非增值活动？
非增值活动(浪费)是那些影响组织效率、延迟产品交付、不增加产品性能的活动，因此从客户的角度来看，这些活动不增加价值。

录像记录样本

以下是为本模块提供的视频样本的成绩单：

每个人都认为不同程度的价值。因此，在与客户打交道时，组织目前争取客户向产品或服务提供的主观重要性。有了所有可能性，可以控制客户价值对产品或服务的影响吗？答案是不。所有组织都可以做的是，可能通过营销，展示可能吸引客户的“形象”，并使他们在下订单时记住产品和品牌。最后，它将永远是客户的看法。客户去买一双鞋子。她不关心制造鞋子所需的过程步骤的数量或顺序。她不在乎部门内部填写了多少文书工作，或者如果需要重新设计鞋子。所有的客户都关心的是，鞋子适合她的脚，他们很舒服，颜色和风格是她正在寻找的，最重要的是，他们是一个“好”的价格。 The manufacturing world attributes value according to the amount of labor that went into the production of a product instead of an objective measure of the usefulness of a product. Customer satisfaction measures have shown that the value of a product is determined by how much it satisfies the customer's preference. The problem lies in that organizations tend to concentrate on what they are able to deliver rather than what it is that the customers really want and if they are willing to pay for it. Lean manufacturing requires that companies must start by defining the value of the product or service in the eyes of the customer, because, to customers, value is only relevant at a specific price, quality, and point in time. In other words, value represents the needs of the customer. At the end of the day, it doesn't matter whether a company has come up with a great idea for a product. If customers do not see the value or have no need for a product, they will not be willing to pay for it. By having a clear understanding of the value customers assign to a product, companies are able to set a target price for it. This will then allow the company to define the cost to produce the product and still make a profit. When companies find themselves not able to meet this production cost, they will start focusing on eliminating "obstacles," known as "wastes," so they can deliver the value the customer expects and still make money. Let's look at an example of this. During the hurricane season, a cell phone service company sends text messages to its customers, helping them get prepared for a hurricane landfall. The text gives the instructions to turn on the Wi-Fi to be able to communicate at any moment, anywhere. Would customers see any value in this text message? Many customers would, since the action is aimed to improve the performance of the devices. Customers will subjectively give importance to this text the next time they have to shop for new devices or service, even if this company's prices are a little higher than others.