精益制造 - 拉动系统

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关键问题

在此模块中回答了以下关键问题：

推送系统的定义是什么？
推送系统根据前几个月的预测预测产生生产需求。在推送系统下，响应需求变化需要更长的时间，因为库存已经在预测的订单上被捆绑起来。

拉动系统的定义是什么？
以拉动为基础的生产和分销系统是需求驱动的，而不是依赖于预测。拉动式系统基本上限制了在给定时间内系统中可能存在的在制品(WIP)的数量。根据收到的实际客户订单确定供应或生产的补充。

拉动系统的一些特征是什么？
拉动系统是面向控制的系统;它通过接收需要更多可交付成果的信号来运行;它限制了工人的工作量;它有助于将大型作业分解为更小的分配;它有助于优先考虑任务;它有助于管理瓶颈，因此保持流动;它有助于最大限度地减少废物（如过量生产，超速，过载）。

拉动系统在制造环境中取得成功所需的一些元素是什么？
拉动系统在制造环境中成功的重要要素包括:小批量生产;满足计算节拍时间的过程中踱步;补充时使用看板信号;和管理调整。

一个执行良好的pull系统有什么好处?
一款精心良好的拉动系统将允许资源用于生产将立即销售和盈利的商品。产生的数量足以满足当前需求。公司内部的废物总体上减少了，因为在该过程的任何步骤中没有过量产生。此外，它降低了在工作场所存放过量的库存和释放空间的成本。降低资源废物会提高生产率并提高流量效率，允许及时交付工作。

样本视频成绩单

以下是本模块提供的视频样本的文字记录:

精益制造是关于从系统或过程中减少或消除废物。这是安全的，那么精益的公司只能达到足够的产品来满足真正的客户需求，因此没有保持成品库存。以拉动为基础的生产和分销系统是需求驱动的，而不是依赖于预测。拉动式系统基本上限制了在给定时间内系统中可能存在的在制品(WIP)的数量。根据收到的实际客户订单确定供应或生产的补充。该产品的销售已经谈判。拉动环境将来自真正的需求和产品，以满足真正的订单。如果有需求，工作项只能在过程中。可以在组织内的任何级别找到或设置此环境。我们可以在生产楼层上显示它，以及部门之间的信息流程。 A pull system is a control-oriented system that operates by receiving signals that more production is needed. There are two different types of pull systems: sequential and replenishment. Sequential pull is where the downstream personnel pulls parts from the upstream supplying process in the sequence in which the prior step produces it. Sequential pull limits the amount of inventory between the two steps of a process. The ideal output is “one-piece flow.” When we refer to “one-piece flow,” we mean that subassemblies are moved from step to step, one piece at a time, or a small batch at a time, minimizing work-in-process inventory. Replenishment pull is where the downstream personnel pull parts from a storage location according to what they need to complete their tasks. This is like how a supermarket works, so replenishment pull systems are also called supermarket systems. The parts removed from the storage location, or supermarket, are replenished by the supplying process. Lean uses a concept called Kanban, meaning “signal” in Japanese, to manage this type of pull system. Kanban uses cards to signal and communicate the need for more supplies. In the context of the flow of information, a pull system allows employees to pull their next task if they have the capacity to start working on it. This helps them to better prioritize tasks and prevents overloading, helping employees stay focused on executing the work. Let’s visualize a couple of examples that would represent manufacturing pull systems. When standing at a workstation along the production line, we notice that there is only one footprint for the subassembly, which can be placed between station 3 and station 4. This is limiting the amount of work-in-process that the operator at station 3 can produce. Upon removal of the subassembly by the operator at station 4, the empty footprint signals the operator at station 3 to replenish the subassembly. This controlled condition clearly represents a pull system in place.